Biological evolution through mutation, selection, and drift: An introductory review
نویسندگان
چکیده
5 Modelling mutational degeneration 23 5.1 Error thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.1.1 The prototype model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1.2 Methods of analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.1.3 Characterization of error thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.1.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.1.5 Error thresholds in finite populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.1.6 Clues from the real world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 Muller’s ratchet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2.1 Ratchet dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.2.2 Error thresholds versus Muller’s ratchet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.2.3 Mutational melt-down and extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.2.4 How to escape Muller’s ratchet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.2.5 Clues from the real world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.2.6 Error thresholds and mutational meltdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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